HW4.6

REAGAN'S PROMISES TO CUT TAX, DECREASE SOCIAL SPENDING, AND REDUCE THE SIZE OF THE GOVERNMENT FIT HIS "BRAND" OF CONSERVATISM.

Reagan's promise to cut tax for all American citizens fit his "brand" of conservatism. "He promised to stimulate the economy by cutting taxes and promoting private enterprise." (History Alive!, 56.3) He believed that cutting taxes leaves more money to the poor and to the rich and the money would slowly move down to the poor. "One Reagan official acknowledged that the tax cuts were intended to produce wealth at the upper levels that would 'trickle down' to all Americans." (History Alive!, 56.3)

Reagan decreased social spending, which fits his "brand" of conservatism. Reagan and many other conservatives thought social spending on social warfare wasn't the right thing to do. "They believed that social programs stifled personal initiative and produced a dependence on government aid, thus trapping people in in a cycle of poverty." (History Alive!, 56.4) In social spending, more tax is collected from the wealthy and distributed to the poor.

Reagan gave more power to the states, which fits his "brand" of conservatism. He tried to make this happen by power devolution. Block grants were given to states to use instead of giving money to the state and controlling how much is used for what for that state. "The system gave the states more flexibility, allowing them to design programs and allocate resources to suit their needs." (History Alive!, 56.4)

HW4.5

Question: Did Reagan's policies fit his "brand" of Conservatism?

THE INCREASE IN DEFICITS AND DEBTS, DEREGULATION, AND REDUCED SOCIAL WELFARE SPENDING ARE POLICIES THAT DON'T FIT REAGAN'S "BRAND" OF CONSERVATISM.

The increase in deficits and debts didn't fit Reagan's "brand" of Conservatism. The federal budget deficits increased during his two terms in office. The main reason was military spending. "During Reagan's first term, the annual budget of the Department of Defense increased nearly 85 percent." (History Alive, 56.3) The national debt tripled from 1980 to 1988 (more than the debts all other former-presidents had).

Deregulation also doesn't fit Reagan's "brand" of Conservatism. Some laws were removed so that businesses could create more jobs and expand the economy. This made the Environmental Protection Agency lower federal standards on air and water quality. "Many public-interest groups fought efforts to revise environmental laws and workplace safety rules. They charged that the proposed changes endangered workers and the general public." (History Alive, 56.3) The 1972 Clean Water Act was renewed by Congress in 1987.

Reduction of social welfare spending is a policy that doesn't fit Reagan's "brand" of Conservatism. "Liberals protested that these cuts harmed the poor and forced cities to reduce services to those in need." (History Alive, 56.4) The reduction in social welfare spending caused the number of children living in poverty to grow by 25 percent and the number of homeless people to increase.

HW4.4

Question: "Who is to blame for America's trend toward high divorce rates, starting in the 1970s?"

MARRIED MEN WITH THE "JENNIFER FEVER", NO-FAULT DIVORCE LEGISLATORS, AND POPULAR TV SHOWS ARE TO BLAME FOR AMERICA'S HIGH DIVORCE RATES IN THE 1970S.

Married men with the "Jennifer Fever" are to blame for the high divorce rates in America. ”In previous eras, these younger women would have married middle-or lower-class men of roughly their own age and started families, they now became prey for the middle-aged wealthy men with ‘Jennifer Fever.’” (Schweikart) Many middle-aged men with “Jennifer Fever” grow old and find younger women to satisfy them. They divorce with their wife to live with the younger woman, causing divorce rates to increase during the 1970s.

No-Fault legislators have caused divorce rates to increase in the 1970s by voting for the No-Fault Divorce law, where men and women could have a divorce easily where both didn’t need to take responsibility. “Instead, if both parties agreed that they had irreconcilable differences, they simply had obtained an inexpensive no-fault divorce.” (Schweikart) Married couples can easily divorce; causing divorce rates to quickly increase after the law was passed.

Popular TV shows from the 1970s caused divorce rates to increase. In “All in the Family,” Archie strongly opposed his daughter to go to work. Many wives have wanted to go to work, just like men. Some married couples divorced from being unable to get to a resolution, getting into a no-fault divorce.

HW4.3

Question: "Who is to blame for America's trend toward high divorce rates, starting in the 1970s?"

MARRIED MEN WITH THE "JENNIFER FEVER" AND NO-FAULT DIVORCE LEGISLATORS ARE TO BLAME FOR AMERICA'S HIGH DIVORCE RATES IN THE 1970S.

Married men with the "Jennifer Fever" are to blame for the high divorce rates in America. As these men grow older, the want to find other women that are much younger than him to let them feel younger. The No-Fault Divorce law helps these married men have a divorce easier with their wife and be able to be with younger women, which is a reason why divorce rates increased rapidly during the 1970s.

No-Fault legislators have caused divorce rates to increase in the 1970s. These legislators voted for the No-Fault Divorce law, where men and women are able to have a divorce easily where one of them would need to take responsibility of the divorce. Married couples that wanted to have a divorce would use this law as an advantage to have a divorce, which caused divorce rates to quickly increase.

HW4.2

"Who is to blame for America's trend toward high divorce rates, starting in the 1970s?"

No-fault divorces are to blame for America’s trend toward high divorce rates during the 1970s. Married couples are able to get a divorce easily. Men with the “Jennifer Fever” were able to easily have a divorce with their wives and find another woman that was young to let them feel younger. No-fault divorce makes divorce easy, which caused America to have high divorce rates.

HW4.1

Document C

1. Mr. Dash hoped to find evidence that whether the government is involved in the Watergate case.
2. To have a detailed story of how Mr. Kalmbach was involved with the plumbers and Watergate.
3. It is important for the attorneys in court to know what has happened in order to have support
   
4. $50,000-$100,000 was used to support the families of the seven defendants.
5. The document was written a few years after the scandal, when the courts and the FBI were still investigating on the scandal.
   
6. origin

Document F

1. The lawyer hoped to helped to together
   
2. He wants to know if Mr. Hunts did anything unpleasant for the White House.
3. 
   
4. The package contained #75,000 used for the seven defendants' families (related to scandal)
5. 
   

Essay Sample A Marks

1. Responsiveness to the question: 3
   In the thesis, the reason why the US lost in the Vietnam War was because of the tactics and other reasons. However, the essay only gives the other reasons why the US lost. There was no support that the US lost because of the tactics .
   
2. Organization: 3
   The body paragraphs of the essay looks like it is just telling events to the reader, not really responding to the question.
   
3. Use of specific support: 3
   The support isn't very specific. There are a lot of facts but not consistent.
   
4. Awareness of both sides: 1
   There aren't any counterarguments in the essay.
   

Sem2.HW9

Historical Investigation rough draft of Part B:

According to Women, Work, and the Japanese Economic Miracle: The Case of the Cotton Textile Industry, 1945-1975, Japan’s economy has changed positively and affected Japanese women during the 1950s. Cotton factories allowed Japanese women to work in the industry, which were fit for women that wanted short-term employment. Female workers soon became the core label force when they were allowed to work in factories. The change in economy caused the amount of people who started to get an education and the amount of job-offers to increase (Macnaughtan).

Being allowed to work raised the level of women, from being housewives to workers in the cotton industry, but not all of the women in Japan wanted to work (Macnaughtan, Diggs). Confucianism, a widely practiced religion in Japan, put women at a lower level. During the 1950s, Japan and the United States believed that housewives has an important role to a family and society. Most Japanese prefer to follow the traditional ideas, where men go out and earn money while the women stay at home. Japan believed that the family is essential for a stable society, showing the importance of housewives (Diggs).

A Japanese woman is the one in charge at home and has no need to have other responsibilities outside of the house (Diggs). Some women feel their talents should be used somewhere else and not for domestic life, but some people (junior high students) didn’t finish school and started to work (Diggs, Macnaughtan).

From 1950 to 1970, the number of junior high students that left school to go to work was around 48 percent. In the mid-1960s, more males were going to senior high school than females, but by the late 1960s, the amount of males and females going to senior high school was the same. Many high school graduates worked in non-agricultural parts of the economy. Because of the core labor force, the requirements for education were changed. During the postwar period, education requirements became nine years instead of five years (Macnaughtan).

HW8

“Non-violent resistance to injustice was a good strategy for southern civil rights leaders.”

In the 1960s, African American students and protesters boycotted Woolworth’s drugstore in Greensboro. After this boycott, other stores were also boycotted. It caused many businesses to lose customers and tension, but didn't cause violence between the blacks and the whites.

The enrollment of James Meredith at University of Mississippi caused the white students to become very angry. On Sunday, September 30, 1962, white students burned cars and destroyed property. Two men were shot and killed on the same night. The ways to resist injustice cause more violence.

HW7

1. Japanese women lives have changed positively during the 1950s. There was work in cotton factories which gave jobs to women that desired short-term employment. Women could have more education and there were also more job offers that allowed women to work.
   
   
2. Japanese women lives didn't change positively during the 1950s. According to Nancy Brown Diggs, "the typical Japanese woman, in contrast, feels that since she is in full charge of the home, she has no need to seek further responsibility in the outside world," which a Japanese woman might think of.
   

Citations:

1. Macnaughtan, H. (2004). Women, work, and the japanese economic miracle: The case
   of the cotton textile industry, 1945-1975.
   
   
2. Diggs, N. B. (1998). Steel butterflies: Japanese women and the american experience.

Sem2.HW6

Question: "America's poor, in the mid 20th century, were mostly responsible for their own problems."

In the 1800s, people who were below the poverty line couldn't earn enough money from their low income to live a decent life. Even though the government knew about it, they didn't take action until 1949 to give $2,000 per year for families that were in poverty.

The Housing Act of 1949 passed by Congress was to provide decent homes for those in poverty. This act was later abandoned because it caused more people to lose their homes. The "projects" where they were building new homes became slums.

The coal mining industry declined after World War II and the demand for coal dropped. many workers that worked in the industry lost their jobs as miners. This caused more than two million people left Appalachia.

Sem2.HW5

40.2
Question: "How real was the threat of Communist spies within the USA?"

All government officials had to sign loyalty oaths so the government would be more at ease, worrying less that there were Communist spies who are government workers. Those that didn't want to sign the oath were fired from their jobs. This action didn't seem logical or righteous.

The Rosenburg Trial (1951) was a big threat to the Americans. Klaus Fuchs admitted he had given information to the Soviet Union about the atomic bomb. Further investigation led to the Rosenbergs. The two brothers were then executed in 1953.

40.3
Question: "Is it fair to say that the anxiety caused in the US due to Nuclear threat, was useful and 'healthy'?"

The Federal Civil Defense Administration helped the Americans prepare for a nuclear attack. There were warning sirens carried out every week. This was done for the Americans to practice if there was a nuclear attack. Students also practiced at school, to hide under desks if there was a nuclear attack.

Some Americans built fallout shelters in their backyards that a family could hide in for protection of an atomic explosion. This strategy was useful because it could help the Americans prepare and secure themselves, knowing there is a safe to hide if an atomic bomb drops in their city.

Sem2.HW4

Question: How does the CIA's activities in Iran show that the US behaves undemocratically, in its foreign policy?

The CIA bribed government officials in Iran to overthrow the democratic leader Mossadeq. Since a democratic leader was elected in Iran, the US should be glad about the election. Insead, the US helps Britain get back their oil company that was nationalized by Mossadeq.

The CIA trying to overthrow the Iranish government shows that the US behaves undemocratically because they had bribed many people so that they would help them. If the American citizens knew about this, they might think that the government was trying to control other countries.

Sem2.HW3

39.4
Question: How convincing was America's attempts to influence other parts of the world to side with them in the Cold War?

The USIA (1953) wasn't convincing because the Soviets and Eastern European leaders tried to isolate their citizens from Western news by banning the radio programs. They jammed the signals with loud sounds so that their citizens couldn't hear the news.

The CIA (1950s) helped influence affairs in foreign countries and support foreign policies. This attempt was convincing because they helped countries like Guatemala, Iran, and the Dominican Republic from becoming communist countries. Another convert of the CIA was the U-2 flight.

Foreign aid to Egypt wasn't convincing because the leader of Egypt built trading ties with communist nations. The US and the British withdrew their offers to help Egypt, which almost caused France, Israel, and Britain to go to war with Egypt and the Soviets, but the US stopped the crisis.

39.5
Question: How wise were America's decisions to produce advanced weapons during the Cold War's first 20 years?

America's decision to produce advanced weapons weren't wise because the arms race that started between the US and the Soviets cause the creation of deadly weapons. If the US didn't panic of the news that the Soviets also created atomic bombs, the arms race may not have happened.

America's decision on Brinkmanship (1950s) was a wise decision. The US was able to use the atomic bomb as a threat to the Chinese, saying they would drop an atomic bomb if they attacked Quemoy or Matsu. Since only the US and the Soviets had an atomic bomb, China backed off.

The Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) was a wise decision because it prevented the Cold War from turning hot. Either side would respond to a nuclear attack by launching its own missiles. It made both superpowers step back from all-out war.

Sem2.HW2

Question: Were the methods the US used to contain the spread of Communism justified?

The US refusal to help Hungary was unjustified. Hungary tried to go against the Soviet because the US was encouraging countries to stand up. The Hungarians thought the US and felt tricked when the US didn't come help them. It caused many Hungarians to be caught and killed by the Soviets.

The Berlin Blockade was justified. The Soviets tried to prevent the Allies from getting into Berlin. Railroads and highways were blocked, but the US used planes to carry all of the supplies to Berlin instead. It lasted for ten and a half months until the Soviets stopped the blockade.

Sem2.HW1

Question: Could the US and the Soviet Union have avoided the Cold War?

The Truman Doctrine (1947) was a chance to avoid the cold war. If the Soviets knew that the US passed this act so that communism wouldn't dominate the world, then it wouldn't make them feel unsettled or think the US wanted to destroy communism completely. It could reduce tension between them.

The National Security Act (1947) was a chance to avoid the cold war. In the CIA, people in different countries helped collect and analyze information. This could ease tensions between the two superpowers since the countries would more easily understand the reason why one did what they did.

Mini-Investigation Paper (Final Draft)

A Plan of the investigation

1. Topic: Whether the unemployment rate increased the number of protests against the government.

2. Question: Did the amount of unemployed people during the economic depression increase the number of protests against the government?

3. Reason: During the economic depression, the unemployment rate increased rapidly. Many Americans were out of jobs and didn’t have enough money to buy anything they needed. The number of people that would go against the government might have increased and caused more protests to happen during the Great Depression.

4. Method of Investigation: Bureau of Labor Statistics, online articles from The Library of Congress on the Great Depression, Encyclopedia of Chicago

B Summary of evidence

1. VanGiezen, R., & Schwenk, A. E. (2003, January 30). Compensation from before
World War I through the Great Depression. In Bureau of labor statistics.
Retrieved November 8, 2009, from http://www.bls.gov/opub/cwc/cm20030124ar03p1.htm#dol-banner

‐ From 1923-1929 the average unemployment rate is 3.3%

‐ Stock market declined 90% from 1929-1932

‐ Highest unemployment rate in 1932 with unemployment of about 25%

‐ Economic recovery was slow, hesitant, far from complete

‐ In 1940, unemployment rate still at 15%

2. Great Depression. (n.d.). Encyclopedia of Chicago. Retrieved November 8, 2009,
from http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/542.html

‐ Great Depression had some strikes and protests that broke out with the most violence in Chicago’s history

‐ “The Great Depression saw some of the most volatile strikes and protest movements in the city’s history.”

‐ Active social protest movements occurred

‐ “Active social protest movements extended outside of the workplace.”

‐ Housewives also protested about businesses that refused to lower prices

‐ “Across the city, angry housewives protested retailers’ misleading advertising and refusal to lower prices.”

3. Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945. (n.d.). The learning page.
Retrieved November 8, 2009, from http://rs6.loc.gov:8081/learn/features/
timeline/depwwii/race/race.html
timeline/depwwii/race/race.html>

‐ Half of the African Americans were out of jobs

‐ Racial violence became more and more common in the South

‐ “Radical violence again became more common, especially in the South.”

‐ Lynching occurred more often during the depression

‐ “Lynchings, which had declined to eight in 1932, surged to 28 in 1933.”

C Evaluation of sources

The website by Robert VanGiezen and Albert E. Schwenk contains statistics of the unemployment rate during the economic depression. This website was posted by the government and has a limitation because the government may leave out information that they don’t want the people to know about. The information that was left out could have been useful information that could change the reader’s perspective of the whole event or situation which can make the source not as valuable. The purpose of the document, which is to inform the reader of what happened and how it was like during World War I and the Great Depression, can give limitations. The author may want to inform the reader about what happened but would still leave out information that would give bad impressions on to the government. Its purpose could also change the value of the document. Important information could have been left out by the government because they didn’t want to look bad to the American citizens. This reason for leaving out information can decrease the value of the document.

D Analysis

Facts in the first source have given enough information on the unemployment rate during the Great Depression. The source contains accurate statistics of the percentages of unemployment and the condition the United States was in during the depression. It was written that from 1923 to 1929, the unemployment rate was 3.3 percent. This information could be used to compare to the unemployment rate during the Great Depression which had the highest percentage in 1932 of about 25 percent. The source also gives extra information on how the stock market was going on and how well the economy was recovering from the economic downturn.

Factual material in the second source has given some information on how the people in the United States have felt during the depression. The facts that were given in the source weren’t enough to give a complete answer to the question. The whole document only contained facts on the city Chicago. It would be better if I could get more information on the topic in this document of other places than just Chicago.

The third source gave facts that told how the people were like during the Great Depression. Half of the whole population of African Americans didn’t have any jobs. Many people including housewives protested. Racial violence increased during the Great Depression as well has lynching, but all of the information from the source didn’t give the exact information I need to answer my question fully. Some of the facts in the document were not related to the question I was trying to answer.

Writing Assignment

Anti-immigration was an important social issues of the three sources. The Ku Klux Klan mentioned in HA was a group that was revived from anti-immigration feelings and became a strong and effective group. Zinn agrees with HA according to the quote, “The Ku Klux Klan was revived in the 1920s, and it spread into the North.” “Confederate flag-wavers, white-robed Ku Klux Klansmen (whose organization had plummeted in membership since the 1920s), and potbellied southern sheriffs still stood out as not-so-comical symbols of white racism,” is a quote that was told by Schweikart. He agrees with HA that the KKK was active but thinks that it wasn’t really effective or powerful.

Liberal organizations were also another important social issue of the three sources. In HA, the American Civil Liberties Union was a liberal organization that helped protect immigrants and freedom of speech. In the passage, “The NAACP seemed helpless in the face of mob violence and race hatred everywhere,” Zinn mentions another liberal group but says that they are not effective. In Schweikart’s passage, he says that there are liberals but those people are also racists themselves.

The government’s ideas are also an important social issue of the three sources. According to HA, the government follows the ideas of the Nativists. “Congress, in the twenties, put an end to the dangerous, turbulent flood of immigrants (14 million between 1900 and 1920) by passing laws setting immigration quotas: the quotas favored Anglo-Saxons, kept out black and yellow people, limited severely the coming Latins, Slavs, Jews,” was written by Zinn that shows he fully agrees with HA. In Schweikart’s passage, he doesn’t mention what side the government follows.

Mini-Investigation Paper (Rough Draft)

A Plan of the investigation

1.          Whether the unemployment rate increased the number of protests against the government.

2.          Did the amount of unemployed people during the economic depression increase the number of protests against the government?

3.          During the economic depression, the unemployment rate increased rapidly. Many Americans were out of jobs and didn’t have enough money to buy anything they needed. The number of people that would go against the government might have increased and caused more protests to happen during the Great Depression.

4.          Reliable websites (government websites), encyclopedias, books on the Great Depression

B Summary of evidence

1.            VanGiezen, Robert, and Albert E. Schwenk. "Compensation from before World War I through the Great Depression." Bureau of Labor Statistics. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2009. .

‐              From 1923-1929 the average unemployment rate is 3.3%

‐              Stock market declined 90% from 1929-1932

‐              Highest unemployment rate in 1932 with unemployment of about 25%

‐              Economic recovery was slow, hesitant, far from complete

‐              In 1940, unemployment rate still at 15%

2.            "Great Depression." Encyclopedia of Chicago. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2009. .

‐              Great Depression had one of the most volatile strikes and protests in Chicago’s history.

‐              Active social protest movements occurred

‐              Housewives also protested about businesses that refused to lower prices

3.            "Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945." The Learning Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2009. .

‐              Half of the African Americans were out of jobs

‐              Racial violence became more and more common in the South

‐              Lynching occurred more often during the depression

‐              There were protests that were caused by the depression

C Evaluation of sources

The website by Robert VanGiezen and Albert E. Schwenk contains statistics of the unemployment rate during the economic depression. The origin of the document has a limitation where the information that the author thinks is not important is left out by the author. The origin also affects the value of this document where information that may be needed by the reader is left out of the document, which loses its value. The purpose of the document can limit the information given. The author may want to persuade the reader by only giving out certain information. Its purpose could also change the value of the document. If the author was trying to persuade the reader, there would only be one side of the situation, with the other side of the situation left out. This could change the reader’s value of the document.

D Analysis

Facts in the first source have given enough information on the unemployment rate during the Great Depression. The source contains accurate statistics of the percentages of unemployment and the condition the United States was in during the depression.

Factual material in the second source has given some information on how the people in the United States have felt during the depression. The facts that were given in the source weren’t enough to give a complete answer to the question. The whole document only contained facts on the city Chicago.

The third source gave facts that told how the people were like during the Great Depression. Many people including housewives protested. Racism was also mentioned in the document. The source didn’t give the exact information needed to answer the question fully. Some of the facts in the document wasn’t needed at all for answering the question.

Writing Assignment (Edited with Step 3)

Question: Did the amount of unemployed people during the economic depression increase the amount of protests against the government?

Wish List:

1. unemployment rate before and during the economic depression
2. how the people felt during the economic depression
3. whether there were more protests than before the depression

Step 3:

1. United States Department of Labor (http://www.bls.gov/opub/cwc/cm20030124ar03p1.htm)
2. Encyclopedia of Chicago (http://www.encyclopedia.chocagohistory.org/pages/542.html)
3. The Learning Page (http://rs6.loc.gov:8081/learn/features/timeline/depwwii/race/race.html)